Lunar formation is the scientific study of how the Moon was formed and evolved over time. The most widely accepted theory of lunar formation is the Giant Impact Hypothesis, which suggests that a Mars-sized object collided with Earth billions of years ago, creating a debris disk that eventually coalesced into the Moon. Researchers in this field study the chemical composition, geological features, and evolutionary history of the Moon to better understand its origins and relationship to Earth. Some key questions in lunar formation research include the timing and dynamics of the impact that created the Moon, the formation of the lunar crust and interior, and the processes that have shaped the Moon's surface over time.